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Lymphedema is an accumulation of lymph fluid between the tissue layers that can cause swelling (edema). It is most commonly present in the arm or leg, but can also occur in other parts of the body, like the breast, trunk, head or neck. Since the lymph fluid is rich in protein, it gives the affected area a very thick and heavy feeling. Lymphedema can also cause an inflammatory reaction in the scar tissue called fibrosis. The increases in fluid and inflammation prevent the delivery of oxygen and essential nutrients to the area. The protein in trapped lymphatic fluid is an ideal food source for bacteria, increasing the risk of skin infections such as cellulitis, which can progress into sepsis if untreated.
What Causes Lymphedema?
There are two primary types of lymphedema:
Primary Lymphedema
This is a congenital form caused by a malformation of the lymph vessels or nodes. It may be present at birth, or develop later in life, and may be associated with genetic disorders. The most common form of primary lymphedema is lymphedema praecox. This can be present during puberty, mostly in girls, and usually affects one or both lower extremities. Another form is called lymphedema tarda, which begins later in life and usually affects both lower extremities in men and women.
Secondary Lymphedema
This is caused by damage to the lymphatic system, including surgery, infections, radiation, or trauma. Oncology care including radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, tumors, compromise of the vascular system, burns, liposuction and general trauma can all be contributing factors of lymphedema.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms include:
How is Lymphedema Treated?
There is no cure for lymphedema, but symptoms can be managed with a combination of diet, exercise, skincare, and bandaging or compression. Treatment often includes physical therapy or occupational therapy from a certified lymphatic therapist who has graduated from a 135-hour certification program.
The treatment options available focus mainly on reducing the swelling and controlling the pain. The different types include manual therapy, often called Manual Lymph Drainage, compression bandaging, compression garments, and a specific self-massage.
Early detection and treatment can minimize the symptoms and improve outcomes for lymphedema patients. ACCESS PT offers lymphedema therapy in our Port Jervis and Woodstock locations as well as our hospital locations:
Resources: http://www.lymphnet.org/le-faqs/what-is-lymphedema/infection-and-other-complications
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/basics/treatment/con-20025603